T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3.000 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh n\u1eb7ng sau khi m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 20% tr\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh tim trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mang thai v\u00e0 si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh cho tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tim ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u l\u1edbn trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh. D\u1ecb t\u1eadt n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hay g\u1eb7p, c\u1ee9 trong 1.000 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 8 – 10 b\u00e9 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb sinh (chi\u1ebfm 40% trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ca d\u1ecb t\u1eadt b\u1ea9m sinh).<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh<\/p>\n
B\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong cao \u1edf tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho tr\u1ebb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
B\u1ec7nh tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecb t\u1eadt \u0111i k\u00e8m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
H\u1eb9p van \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i;<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng li\u00ean nh\u0129;<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u1ea5t;<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng Fallot;<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 gen ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec d\u1ecbt t\u1eadt tim c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng;<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 trong l\u00fac mang thai c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch (bia, r\u01b0\u1ee3u,…) ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i,…;<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khi mang thai kh\u00f4ng may b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus c\u00fam, Rubella, Herpes, Cytomegalo,…<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, th\u1edf nhanh v\u00e0 th\u1edf m\u1ec7t;<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb b\u00fa k\u00e9m, ch\u1eadm l\u00ean c\u00e2n;<\/p>\n
Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00edm m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chi;<\/p>\n
T\u00e1i ph\u00e1t vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay sau sinh, ch\u1ecf khi \u0111i kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau \u00e2m tim ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ra.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 si\u00eau \u00e2m, th\u00f4ng tim, ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh,… Trong \u0111\u00f3, si\u00eau \u00e2m tim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho tr\u1ebb, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh ngay khi tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ngay sau khi sinh.<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng sau n\u00e0y cho tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng sau n\u00e0y cho tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim thai: Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u1ecbch kh\u00e1m thai v\u00e0 si\u00eau \u00e2m tim thai theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 si\u00eau \u00e2m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf thai nhi l\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n thai th\u1ee9 18 – 22. L\u00fd do c\u1ea7n si\u00eau \u00e2m tim thai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim thai gi\u00fap s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 tim \u1edf tr\u1ebb;<\/p>\n
Gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh;<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u01b0u thai ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb sau sinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 thai s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh: N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 si\u00eau \u00e2m tim thai th\u00ec n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi b\u00e9 v\u1eeba ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c trong th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm sau sinh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
Gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra xem tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb tim b\u1ea9m sinh hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 sinh;<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau \u00e2m tim s\u1edbm v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tim \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong y t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb qua da. C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u1ec1 tim \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch;<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng li\u00ean nh\u0129;<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u1ec1 tim kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p qua da m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
B\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh 1 th\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 van 3 l\u00e1,…;<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 sau: k\u00eanh nh\u0129 th\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, t\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng Fallot,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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